Command and Scripting Interpreter: Network Device CLI
- ID
- T1059.008
- Tactics
- TA0002 Execution
- Sub-technique of
- T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter
- Platforms
- Network Devices
- Data sources
- Command Execution, Network Traffic Content, User Account Authentication
- Source
- attack.mitre.org
- MITRE last modified
- 12 May 2026
Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or perform diagnostic and administrative functions. CLIs typically contain various permission levels required for different commands.
Scripting interpreters automate tasks and extend functionality beyond the command set included in the network OS. The CLI and scripting interpreter are accessible through a direct console connection, or through remote means, such as telnet or SSH.
Adversaries can use the network CLI to change how network devices behave and operate. The CLI may be used to manipulate traffic flows to intercept or manipulate data, modify startup configuration parameters to load malicious system software, or to disable security features or logging to avoid detection.[3]
Detection
- DET0142 Behavioral Detection of CLI Abuse on Network Devices
Data components: Command Execution, Network Traffic Content, User Account Authentication
Mitigations (3)
- M1018 User Account Management
Use of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) systems will limit actions users can perform and provide a history of user actions to detect unauthorized use and abuse. Ensure least privilege principles are applied to user accounts and groups so that only authorized users can perform configuration changes. [1]
- M1026 Privileged Account Management
Use of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) systems will limit actions administrators can perform and provide a history of user actions to detect unauthorized use and abuse. TACACS+ can keep control over which commands administrators are permitted to use through the configuration of authentication and command authorization[1] [2]
- M1038 Execution Prevention
TACACS+ can keep control over which commands administrators are permitted to use through the configuration of authentication and command authorization. [2]
Groups (1)
Software (3)
References
- Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA
- Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS
- Cisco Synful Knock Evolution