CyberStack

MITRE ATT&CK / Techniques / T1102

Web Service

ID
T1102
Tactics
TA0011 Command and Control
Platforms
ESXi, Linux, macOS, Windows
Data sources
Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic Flow
Source
attack.mitre.org
MITRE last modified
4 Sep 2026

Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites, cloud services, and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google, Microsoft, or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise.[1] Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.

Use of Web services may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).

Sub-techniques (3)

Detection

Mitigations (2)

M1021 Restrict Web-Based Content

Web proxies can be used to enforce external network communication policy that prevents use of unauthorized external services.

M1031 Network Intrusion Prevention

Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.

Groups (15)

Software (31)

References

  1. Broadcom BirdyClient Microsoft Graph API 2024