CyberStack

MITRE ATT&CK / Techniques / T1568.002

Dynamic Resolution: Domain Generation Algorithms

ID
T1568.002
Tactics
TA0011 Command and Control
Sub-technique of
T1568 Dynamic Resolution
Platforms
ESXi, Linux, macOS, Windows
Data sources
Network Connection Creation, Process Creation, Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic Content
Source
attack.mitre.org
MITRE last modified
12 May 2026

Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.[1][4][5]

DGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.[1][4][6][3]

Adversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of Fallback Channels. When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.[6][7][8]

Detection

Mitigations (2)

M1021 Restrict Web-Based Content

In some cases a local DNS sinkhole may be used to help prevent DGA-based command and control at a reduced cost.

M1031 Network Intrusion Prevention

Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Malware researchers can reverse engineer malware variants that use DGAs and determine future domains that the malware will attempt to contact, but this is a time and resource intensive effort.[1][2] Malware is also increasingly incorporating seed values that can be unique for each instance, which would then need to be determined to extract future generated domains. In some cases, the seed that a particular sample uses can be extracted from DNS traffic.[3] Even so, there can be thousands of possible domains generated per day; this makes it impractical for defenders to preemptively register all possible C2 domains due to the cost.

Groups (2)

Software (22)

References

  1. Cybereason Dissecting DGAs
  2. Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force
  3. Akamai DGA Mitigation
  4. Cisco Umbrella DGA
  5. Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019
  6. Talos CCleanup 2017
  7. FireEye POSHSPY April 2017
  8. ESET Sednit 2017 Activity